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Hemothorax patient death can be caused because of the large blood loss and the occurrence of respiratory failure . Respiratory failure due to the large amount of blood in the pleural cavity pressure of lung tissue and reduced lung tissue that does ventilation. Then treatment hemothorax as follows: 1. Emptying of blood from the pleural cavity. Installed "chest tube" and is connected with the WSD system, this can accelerate the lung expands. 2. Stop the bleeding. If the installation of WSD, the blood still does not stop, then considered for thoracotomy. 3. General state of repair. Giving oxygen 2-4 liters / minute, the length adjusted to the clinical changes, better yet, if the monitored with blood gas analysis. Try to people with normal blood gases. Giving blood transfusion: seen from a decrease in Hb. As a benchmark can be used the following calculation, every 250 cc of blood (from patients with Hb 15 g%) can raise ¾ g% Hb. Given with a normal drop of about 20-30 drops / m...

Hemotorax is the presence of blood in the pleural cavity. Pathophysiology and Etiology Sharp trauma or blunt trauma. This can occur when blunt trauma can cause fractures of the ribs, resulting in a torn intercostal blood vessels and also cause a tear in the lung tissue. A torn aortic aneurysm Complications due to drug administration on pulmonary infarction antikoagulansia In patients with abnormalities of "hemorrhagic diathese". Complications in thoracic surgery. Clinical Symptoms Symptoms and complaints hemothorax depending on the weight and severity of trauma. Patients may complain of shortness of breath, chest pain, until the shock and anemia. Diagnosis 1. Anamnesa : A history of trauma to the chest, or after surgery. 2. Physical examination Found such signs in the pleural effusion . At the hospital hemitoraks reduced movement. Hemithorax percussion on the sick and faint sounds on auscultation, breath sounds audible reduced or disappear altogether. 3. Chest X-ray photo...

Outside the hospital. In light of spontaneous pneumothorax or pneumothorax simplex. Minimal or no complaints at all, are usually found by accident. The air in the pleural cavity will diresorbsi spontaneously. Because it does not require invasive measures. "Tension pneumothorax". Done in a sterile and carried out the stabbing in the sore area with a syringe the size of the largest. Stabbings in the space between the ribs into 2 in the front line of mid-clavicle. In young women (cosmetics) stabbings in the space between the ribs into 4 or 5 in the mid-axillary line. Then the needle tip covered with a sheet of thin rubber or thin plastic that can serve as a valve. Subsequently the patient was sent to hospital. I n the hospital. At the same place to do the installation of WSD, using trokar (troicar). It should be noted, that all actions undertaken SCARA sterile. WSD is removed, when the lung is expanding well and no complications after plastic hose clamped shut or 24 hours to pro...

The principle of treatment in empyema : 1. Emptying of the pleural cavity of pus 2. Antibiotics 3. Closure of the pleural cavity 4. Causal treatment 5. Additional treatment. 1. Emptying of the pleural cavity. a. Simple aspiration. Performed repeatedly using a large needle hole. This method is good enough to remove most of the pus or fluid from acute empyema is still runny. Losses such as these techniques often lead to "pocketed" empyema . Ultrasound can be used to determine the localization of "pocketed" empyema . b. Drainage is closed. Installation "= closed thoracostomy tube drainage (WSD)". Indications of this drain fitting, if the pus is very thick, pus is formed after 2 weeks and there has been piopneumotoraks. Installation of the hose should not be too low, the diaphragm is usually raised because of empyema . Select a hose that is large enough. If 3-4 weeks of no progress should be pursued by other means, such as in chronic empyema. c. Installation...

Empyema Thoracic is the presence of pus in the cavity / pleural cavity. Etiology of Empyema Thorasic I. Derived from the lungs: Pneumonia Lung abscess The existence of bronchopleural fistula Bronchiectasis Pulmonary Tuberculosis Lung fungus. II. From the extrapulmonary infection: Trauma of the brain Brain surgery Torasentesis Subfrenik abscess Due to amoebic liver abscess. Bacteriology Staphylococcal piogenes, at all ages, often in children. Piogenes streptococcus. Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,, Klebsiela, Bakteroides, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis) Anaerobic bacteria. Pathophysiology Of Empyema Thorasic Due to pyogenic bacteria invasion into the pleura arising acute inflammation, followed by the formation of serous exudates. With the number of PMN cells either living or dead, as well as increased levels of protein, the fluid becomes cloudy and thick. Fouled fibrin will form pockets of pus to localize it. Clinical Symptoms Clinical Course Divided into 2 stages, namely...

A. Conservative: 1. Control of acute and chronic infection, mucus secretion, airway obstruction and complications, such as: coughing up blood, respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, in order to prolong life, improve quality of life and prevent disease progression. 2. Antibiotics if there is infection. 3. Chest physiotherapy and postural drainage with forced expiratory technique for removing secretions. 4. Aerosols with physiologic saline or beta agonists prior to chest physiotherapy may facilitate the release of sputum / secretions. 5. Bronchodilators to improve airflow, helping mukosilia clearance and physiotherapy improve outcomes. 6. Corticosteroids when there is severe bronchospasm ( CPOD or Asthma Bronchiale ). B. Surgery: Indications of surgery: Local Bronchiectasis Haemoptoe massive. Tags : bronchiectasis pneumonia , what is bronchiectasis , bronchiectasis copd , bronchiectasis symptoms , bronchiectasis treatment , bronchiectasis definition , cystic bronchiectasis , Management b...

Clinical Symptoms of Bronchiectasis Chronic productive cough, continuous or repetitive. Coughing up blood, blood mixed sputum to massive coughing up blood. acute exacerbation accompanied by heat. Sputum mucoid, or purulent mukopurulen, when collected in a transparent glass look three layers: a layer of froth on top, the middle layer of mucus, pus and debris lining the bottom. Shortness of breath, and breath sounds. local wet crackles and settled. Wheezing can be found. Cachexia, cyanosis and clubbing in advanced cases. Diagnosis Diagnosis of bronchiectasis is established on the basic of: Complaints and symptoms were found on physical examination. Chest X-ray PA photo: normal in mild bronchiectasis. In severe cases, can seem "tram tracks" (two parallel lines like a tram tracks). The existence of the shadow ring when cut crosswise. If there is mucus plugging thick  --> linear density, or Y-shaped or V ("gloves-finger sign"). In cystic bronchiectasis, cystic cavit...